Polybius
It is some time since I tried to read Polybius (c.202–120 B..C.), the ancient historian. It was a memorably difficult, and fairly rewarding experience, which I kept mostly to myself. Part of the difficulty was from the man’s style. Though a Hellenistic Greek, he gives a good and admiring account of the Roman Empire that had emerged, and was still emerging, in the second century before Christ, and I was fortunately provided with the six little green volumes of Paton’s Loeb edition (with English translation en face), published just over a century ago. I say fortunate, for otherwise I would have been reading the Penguin, or some other mass-market paperback which is livelier and smoother and quicker-paced, as well as thoroughly unreliable. But if you haven’t mastered Greek or Latin, and do not intend ever to do so, you do not deserve anything better.
Only the first five of the forty books of Polybius survive in their entirety. Happily, the most enlightening passages are in the incomplete Book Six, which tells how Rome blended monarchical, aristocratic, and even democratic elements, and how this came to be.
Polybius is notorious for his asides, on matters from geography to constitutional law to biographies and seemingly irrelevant events (though quite relevant if you get into them). The paperback translations typically make these intentional digression into random footnotes in unreadably small type, or discard them entirely, lest they interfere with “the flow.” A modern may diligently read every page, and not realize at the end that he hasn’t read Polybius. Usually, he has just read the puff-piece on the back cover, and has anyway such limited intelligence and imagination that it hardly matters. However, the materials exist if he wants to study Polybius seriously, and have not been pulped yet, at least in the more respectable libraries.
There is some kerfuffle at the moment about Anthropic and other “artificial intelligence” companies, buying up second-hand books, literally by the million, and feeding them into machines which chop off their spines then mechanically flip the severed pages, taking pictures whenever they are in focus, then shredding what’s left and disposing of it. The pictures are then electronically used to some mysterious cybernetic purpose, and may be spat back at paying customers, in various packages at elevated prices. The machines do not benefit from the experience, because they lack intelligence or indeed consciousness. Indeed, you have to be an “AI” executive even to attempt the evil this implies.
Too, you may be avoiding copyright law, and other minute particulars, but can also buy “progressive” judges.
Balance this against the windfall profits of all the second-hand bookstores, who may now sell all the worthless junk that had been accumulating on their backroom shelves. At last, bookselling is profitable again!
For almost all modern printed matter is typographically rude, worthless, and ugly, like the texts they encode. You won’t find much published since 1970, if you visit the High Doganate: I lack the space to keep garbage. Readers apparently agree with me, because there is little evidence that even university students read anything with the slightest attention. (The machines do the reading for them.) But we were retaining all this printed matter in pursuit of carbon neutrality.